In recent news, some people have gotten very sick, and a few have even died after eating microdosing chocolate bars that contained muscimol and other harmful substances. These cases have been connected to a product from a company called Diamond Shruumz, which sold these chocolates as a way to microdose. Microdosing is when you take very small amounts of something, like mushrooms, to get the benefits without strong effects.
However, these chocolates didn’t just have muscimol, a psychoactive chemical from Amanita muscaria mushrooms (also known as the Fly Agaric mushroom), but they also had other dangerous substances like 4-AcO-DMT, a drug similar to the hallucinogen LSD, and pregabalin, a prescription drug used to treat seizures.
It’s important to know that many products you might find online, which are promoted for microdosing or as hallucinogenic “magic mushrooms,” might actually be made with the Amanita muscaria mushroom. This mushroom is legal and has psychoactive effects, but it’s not the same as the “true” magic mushrooms, which belong to the psilocybe cubensis family and are known for their different, and often safer, effects. The Amanita muscaria has a history of causing bad reactions and should not be confused with these other types of mushrooms.
WHAT MAKES THE AMANITA MUSCARIA SO DANGEROUS?
1. Toxic Companions:
Ibotenic Acid: Amanita muscaria mushrooms contain both muscimol and ibotenic acid, which is toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and confusion. Ibotenic acid can turn into muscimol in the body, adding to the negative effects.
Dosage Variability: The amount of muscimol and ibotenic acid can vary greatly in different parts of the mushroom, making it hard to control the dose and increasing the risk of overdose.
2. Physical Side Effects:
Nausea and Vomiting: Many people feel sick and may vomit after eating Amanita muscaria due to ibotenic acid.
Loss of Coordination: Muscimol can cause dizziness and loss of balance, leading to potential accidents.
3. Overdose Risk:
Toxicity: High doses of muscimol, especially with ibotenic acid, can cause serious poisoning, including seizures, intense confusion, and in rare cases, coma. Although deaths are rare, severe cases need medical attention. On the other hand, musrooms with psilocybin have no known related deaths.
4. Lack of Cultural Familiarity:
Unpredictability: Unlike more commonly known mushrooms like psilocybin, Amanita muscaria is less understood and more likely to be misused.
Improper Preparation: Without proper methods like drying or boiling, the mushroom remains more toxic.
5. Interactions with Other Substances:
Increased Danger: Muscimol’s effects can be stronger when mixed with other substances like alcohol, leading to greater risks, including breathing problems and severe sedation.
HOW IS MUSCIMOL DIFFERENT FROM PSILOCYBIN?
Muscimol and psilocybin are both psychoactive compounds found in different types of mushrooms, but they have distinct chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and effects on the human brain.
Muscimol is found in Amanita muscaria (commonly known as the fly agaric mushroom), while psilocybin is found in various species of Psilocybe mushrooms, often referred to as “magic mushrooms.” Chemically, muscimol is a potent, selective agonist for the GABA_A receptors in the brain and is a derivative of the amino acid GABA, a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. On the other hand, psilocybin is a prodrug that is metabolized in the body to produce psilocin, which is structurally similar to serotonin. Psilocin primarily acts as a partial agonist for serotonin receptors, especially the 5-HT2A receptor.
The mechanism of action for muscimol involves binding to GABA_A receptors, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA in the brain, which can lead to sedation, altered perception, and in some cases, hallucinations. These effects are often described as dissociative and dream-like. In contrast, psilocybin and its active form, psilocin, bind to serotonin receptors, particularly 5-HT2A, leading to altered perception, mood, and thought processes. The effects of psilocybin are typically more visual and emotionally intense, often described as a “psychedelic” experience.
Muscimol can cause euphoria, visual distortions, out-of-body experiences, and vivid dreams, with the experience often being described as dissociative, where users report a sense of “shifting reality.” Psilocybin, on the other hand, commonly produces visual hallucinations, changes in time perception, enhanced introspection, and emotional shifts. The psilocybin experience is often more introspective and can include mystical or spiritual sensations.
Legally, muscimol is generally legal in most countries, though the legality of Amanita muscaria varies. Psilocybin, however, is classified as a Schedule I substance in many countries, including the United States, making it illegal to possess or use without special permission. Regarding toxicity, Amanita muscaria also contains ibotenic acid, which is neurotoxic. Consuming the mushroom without proper preparation can lead to unpleasant or dangerous side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and delirium. Psilocybin is generally considered to have low toxicity, though the psychological effects can be intense, leading to what are commonly known as “bad trips.”
Culturally, muscimol has been used traditionally in Siberian shamanistic practices, while psilocybin has been used in indigenous rituals in Mesoamerica for centuries and has recently been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in modern medicine.
MindMatr does not use muscaria in any of its products.